The dissemination of false or misleading information is not a new or simple tactic. It has been a common practice, especially in political arenas, since ancient times. However, the phenomenon has evolved considerably as society embarks on the fourth industrial revolution, with disinformation in the digital sphere becoming increasingly difficult to identify, classify and counteract.

Underpinned by the hypothesis that citizens can and should be empowered by better information production, consumption, and circulation, this report addresses two research questions:

1) Which tools, initiatives and policies are already working to help citizens become more critical consumers of information?

2) How can policymakers and practitioners be better informed on systemic, long-term approaches to deal with disinformation?

To answer these questions, the research was based on the analysis of five different case studies featuring initiatives led by a variety of stakeholders, who apply a multidimensional approach to address the problem of disinformation. This report is an attempt to understand such a pressing issue for our democracies.

To access the Spanish version of the report, click here.